[ ayat 1 - ayat 32 ]
IT IS EASY TO IDENTIFY immediately the whole subject matter of this surah. It revolves around two major issues: The debate with the People of the Book, the Jews and the Christians, of whom the Jews were Madinah natives incited to oppose the message that nabi brought with him. Secondly the tragic muslim loss at the battle of Uhud. The two issues are treated separately to begin with, but halfway through the surah they are brought together and discussed as almost one subject. The outcome of the whole discussion seems to focus on the fact that preseverance and steadfastness are required to face both issues; the scheming of the Jewish establishment inside Madinah and the attacks by the infidels from outside it.
Islam is a religion addressed to all human societies without coercion or discrimination. Whoever responds positively is taken into the fold, while those who turn away are left in peace. However-as mentioned earlier- those who commit aggression against Islam and the Muslims are boldly confronted. This is clear from the verse:
And if they argue with thee, (O Muhammad), say: I have surrendered my purpose to Allah and (so have) those who follow me. And say unto those who have received the Scripture and those who read not: Have ye (too) surrendered? If they surrender, then truly they are rightly guided, and if they turn away, then it is thy duty only to convey the message (unto them). Allah is Seer of (His) bondmen. (20)
The surah begins by stressing that Islam is a universal guidance, and the Quran a confirmation of all previous revelation. God's revelation is one, in the sense that it sets the truth apart from falsehood in a sharp and unequivocal manner. The surah highlights the fact that Mosses, Jesus and Muhammad have trodden the same path, and that the scope of Islam encompass all other revealed religions regardless of their time and place. The Torah and the Gospel are both referred to here as " God's revelation [ or message ]. " This phrase occurs ten times in the surah, as in verse 4 which says " Aforetime, for a guidance to mankind; and hath revealed the Criterion of right and wrong. Lo! those who disbelieve the revelations of Allah, theirs will be a heavy doom. Allah is Mighty, Able to Requite (the wrong)." (4) , and the verse 199 towards the end of the surah:
And lo! of the People of the Scripture there are some who believe in Allah and that which is revealed unto you and that which was revealed unto them, humbling themselves before Allah. They purchase not a trifling gain at the price of the revelations of Allah. Verily their reward is with their Lord. Lo! Allah is swift to take account. (199)
Muhammad al-Ghazali [ 1917 -1996 ]
excerpt from " A Thematic Commentary On The Qur'a
a short recitation by shyakh jamac hareed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZI2NcBePomg
Ustad Nouman Ali Khan,
An Overview,
https://radiopublic.com/bayyinah-institute-WPpmmj/ep/s1!cb29c
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from pearls & gem : of levels and levels, ...a 2016 article
https://drnikisahak.blogspot.com/2016/04/levels-and-levels.html
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